2024 Noto Earthquake (3)

15. Wajima-nuri lacquerware

Wajima-nuri is representative high-grade lacquerware of Japan. Nothing says Japanese lacquerware like Wajima-nuri. There were many homes with Wajima-nuri workshops along the Asaichi Street. It is estimated that the earthquake left 70% of about 1000 workers related to Wajima-nuri homeless. One of the workshops has resumed the production of lacquerware in Kanazawa.

Wajima-nuri lacquerware
Copyright: Ishikawa Prefectural Tourism League

Wajima-nuri lacquerware will be sold in some fairs.

"Wajima-nuri wo Tsunagu" is being held in KINTETSU Nara store  from Feb.27.

At an event "WAJIMANOMIRAI", 600 items by 19 workshops will be on display.

March 5-    Daimaru Shinsaibashi Store, Osaka City, Osaka Prefecture

April 10-   Mitsukoshi Nihonbashi Main Store, Tokyo Prefecture

Some of the workshops have websites.  Wajima Kirimoto reopened their online store on Jan.7, 2024. Taya Shikkiten has launched a crowd funding page for workers related to Wajima-nuri.

Wajima Kirimoto:

https://kirimoto.theshop.jp/blog/2024/01/07/221647

Taya Shikkiten:

https://www.wajimanuri.co.jp/2024/01/02/post-2270/

16. Ama(female divers)

Ama(female divers) in Wajima City is designated as an important intangible folk-cultural property. They detach seafood such as abalone, turban shells, and seaweed called ego from the rocks under water holding their breath for 50-60 minutes. The divers do skin diving around Hegurajima island and off Wajima Port.

Ama around Hegurajima island 
Copyright: Ishikawa Prefectural Tourism League

This summer it will be hard for the divers to get seawfood in the sea of Wajima due to ground uplift and damaged facilities such as Wajima Port, boats, commercial refrigerators, and pumping machineries. They have to get a new seafloor terrain changed by ground uplift to get fertile seabed into their heads and to shirk danger. 

The number of the woman divers is about 170, but the divers now 60 and older currently constitute the majority. Two-thirds of of the divers have stayed in some areas away from Wajima City. Ama throughout the country are providing support for  them.

17. Suzu ware

I associate Suzu ware with Suzu City. Suzu ware was produced during the late 12th and late 15th centuries. The ware having a heritage from ancient earthen vessel was widely distributed, but it disappeared rapidly. In the 1970s, the local government and a local chamber of commerce were engaged in the reconstruction effort of Suzu ware.

Suzu Ware Museum:

https://www.city.suzu.lg.jp/site/suzuware-museum/

Suzu ware
Copyright: Ishikawa Prefectural Tourism League

All of the 18 pottery kilns were collapsed by the quake. Brick-built kilns are weak against earthquakes. A potter's kiln was collapsed by the earthquake in May last year. He rebuilt his kiln in October, but it collapsed again. It takes a few years for  potters to restart pottery production.

Suzu City has been hit by series of earthquakes with seismic intensity 5 upper in 2007, seismic intensity 6 lower in 2022, seismic intensity 6 upper in 2023, seismic intensity 6 upper in 2024. A potter with 32 year career is contemplating retirement.

Suzu ware
Copyright: Ishikawa Prefectural Tourism League

18. salt making

In Suzu City, some saltworks make salt by boiling down seawater by means of traditional salt-making method called Agehama-style having a more than 400-year-old history. Though the salt contains rich dietary minerals, the method takes quite a bit of work. 

Since the coastline was moved distances of 100m out to sea, the facilities to pump water from the sea don't work at all. (Some saltworks draw water from the sea and move it by humans.) On Feb. 8, one of the saltworks restarted their work. They have accepted more online orders than in the past year.

19.livestock business

Many farmers raise their livestock in the area. They are struggling to water their livestock during water outage. The quake crashed or damaged some cattle barns. Some of them consider selling their livestock. One of them resumed shipments on Feb. 13.

20. agriculture

Effects on agriculture will come to the surface from now. Many paddy fields, crop fields and irrigation channel were damaged. Farmers can't let water flow to a rice field. 

The rice terraces of Shiroyone Senmaida is full of cracks. They have launched a crowd funding page.

https://wajima-senmaida.jp/info/crowdfunding2024/

pre-quake Shiroyone Senmaida
Copyright: Ishikawa Prefectural Tourism League

The power is out  in the area around the paddy fields, but solar panels generate enough electricity to power the lights of the rice terraces now.

pre-quake Shiroyone Senmaida
Copyright: Ishikawa Prefectural Tourism League

21. sightseeing

Kanazawa is safe. Visitors are welcomed there. However, 21st Century Museum of Contemporary Art, Kanazawa will reopen entirely late June.

The number of confirmed demolished or partially destroyed accommodations rose to 88 in Ishikawa prefecture. The quake damaged 54 accommodations in Niigata, 63 in Totama, 4 in Fukui, 1 in Gifu. There was no personal damage.

THE OFFICIAL ISHIKAWA TRAVEL GUIDE by Ishikawa Prefectural Tourism League:

https://www.hot-ishikawa.jp/index.html

 22. Wakura Onsen

Wakura Onsen (和倉温泉) is a hot spring resort town with 22 accommodations in Nanao City. All of the accommodations are closed due to the damage caused by the quake. Some of damaged hotels accept only disaster recovery workers, but the hotels provide only rooms without meals. The workers don't have access to flush toilets, to take a bath.

They have launched a crowd funding page.

Wakura Onsen Tourism Association, Wakura Onsen hotel cooperative association:

https://www.wakura.or.jp/brochure/brochure-3422/

In 2023, Kagaya in Wakura Onsen was selected as the best accommodation in Japan. They won the first prize 41 times. They advanced into Taiwan in 2010.

pre-quake Wakura Onsen
Copyright: Ishikawa Prefectural Tourism League

23. Notojima Aquarium

Two whale sharks died of broken aquarium filtration apparatus and water leak in the Notojima Aquarium damaged by the quake. They evacuated their breeding animals to another aquaria and zoos. Japan Aquarium Association(JAA) has launched a crowd funding page for the aquarium. Japanese Association of Zoological Gardens and Aquariums(JAZA) is accepting relief money for the aquarium.

Japan Aquarium Association(JAA)(Japanese version only):

https://www.j-aqua.org/2024/02/05/796/ 

pre-quake Notojima Aquarium
Copyright: Ishikawa Prefectural Tourism League

pre-quake Notojima Aquarium
Copyright: Ishikawa Prefectural Tourism League

pre-quake Notojima Aquarium
Copyright: Ishikawa Prefectural Tourism League

24. tax payment

Many evacuees who concerned about payment of income tax sent inquiries to Kanazawa Regional Taxation Bureau. The bureau issued a rare statement to set their lives back above tax payment.

2024 Noto Earthquake (2)

5.landslides

Landslide makes a rescue difficult. landslide is associated with a risk of secondary disaster. Rescuers have to make an wide search of the landslide site.

The landslides completely destroyed 57 houses, half destroyed 33 houses, and partially destroyed 17 houses. There were 389 landslides in Ishikawa Prefecture, 18 in Niigata Prefecture, 13 in Toyama Prefecture.

A 38-year-old man was on the second floor. Shortly after the quake occurred, his house got caught in a landslide. Though he escaped from rubble, his father and mother, his sister and her son on the second floor were buried in mud. His mother and sister were found the following day. His father and his nephew were found on Jan. 6. When they were discovered, his father was wrapping his arms around his nephew.  

A 52-year-old man lost his wife and his four children, his wife's parents, his wife's brother and his wife and his son due to a landslide. He had remained in Kanazawa for his work. His wife and his children used to return her wife's home to celebrate the New Year every year. He was scheduled to join them on Jan. 1. One of his sons worked as a cook and made New Year's foods. He had been looking forward to eating them.

6. Fire in Wajima

Wajima Morning Market(Wajima Asaichi), one of the three major morning markets in Japan, had been held in the center of Wajima City almost every day. The market stalls had lined both sides of the Asaichi Street with an overall length of 360m.

pre-quake Asaichi Street
Copyright: Ishikawa Prefectural Tourism League

The fire broke out in a single place. According to Fire and Disaster Management Agency, the fire in the center of Wajima City started from the electrical wiring damaged by the quake. The area spanning 49000 square meters with about 240 buildings was destroyed by a massive fire. Firefighters received a call at 5:23 p.m. on Jan. 1.

Fire hydrants in the area were not available due to water outage. A nearby river was nearly dried up due to ground uplift. They couldn't gain access to a fire cistern due to scattered rubble. Pumping water from the sea was not permitted because the highest-level tsunami warning was given. Finally they pumped water through some hoses connected to the water source, such as school's pool water, a fire cistern in a distant place. They completely extinguished all the fire at 5:10 p.m. on Jan. 6.

The victims stuck in the rubble were caught by flames. Their family members kept on saying to the victims comfortingly until much closer to fire, but they left the scene with the utmost reluctance. As of Jan. 31, according to the National Police Agency, 12 victims were unknown causes of death. All of them were found in Wajima City. The bodies were presumed found in the ruins of the fire. It is inferred that the cause of death in charred victims could not be determined. 

Fire occured in 17 spots in Ishikawa, Toyama, Niigata prefectures. As of Jan. 31, According to the National Police Agency, three people were burned to death. The number of fire-related deaths is previously unannounced.

Wajima Morning Market(Wajima Asaichi) will be held in Kanazawa on March 23. The market is considerd to be held on a regular basis.

A photo studio along the Asaichi Street in Wajima City burnt down, but they transmitted image data for a school yearbook to a local printer before the quake. On March 1, graduates of the school  will receive their yearbooks.

7.road damage

There were so many roads damaged by the quake and landslides that 30% of them are under repair. National Route 259 is the important transport artery. As of Feb. 22, eight parts of National Route 259 have been closed due to 2 landslides, 4 slope collapses, a tunnel damage, and a road damage. Two parts of an expressway have been closed. Three parts of another two national routes have been closed due to a landslide and road damages. Forty-six parts of prefectural roads have been closed.

Some small villages are situated in the mountains. Without a road to other areas, 3345 villagers of 24 villages  were stranded in the aftermath of the earthquake. Some members of the Self-Defense Forces and some villagers went on foot to the villages to deliver emergency relief goods. As of Feb. 13, all of the villages have come out of isolation.

8. lifeline damage

As of Feb. 22, about 22510 houses are out of water in Ishikawa Prefecture. As of Feb. 9, 92% of all sewers was still damaged in Suzu City. The power and the gas are back in most areas. Communication services are recovered outside Wajima City and Suzu City. The Noto Airport resumed service.

Railroad tracks of the Noto Railway and JR Nanao line were damaged by the quake. 

About half of the Noto Railway's tracks and all tracks of JR Nanao line were repaired.  The train  services of  JR Nanao line and Noto Railway between Wakura Onsen and Noto-Nakajima reopened on Feb. 15. The rest of tracks are repairing, with bustitution from Noto-Nakajima to Anamizu.

9. shelters

Since the evacuees included many non-residents, some shelters exceeded their capacity at first. 

In a shelter, a mother told her two children that they could do a weep once a day.

Crying is infectious. If someone cry there, another evacuees will dissolve into tears.

One of the children said, "I shed tears for today."

Now evacuees themselves are runnunng a shelter by helping each other. They go to work, go to school, go to their damaged homes to search for something important or to clear up a mess during daytime.

Some mobile laundry trailers, some mobile toilet trailers, seven mobile pharmacy trucks, a mobile medical clinic for pets worked or are working now. Of course many food trucks have served food at shelters.

According to Japan Broadcasting Corporation(NHK), as of Feb. 12, 6000 took refuge at the homes of relatives, 4000 have remained at their homes, 120  have spent nights in their cars, about 930 people of the evacuees fled temporarily to 30 prefectures other than Ishikawa Prefecture. Other places such as meeting places, plastic greenhouses(!) also have been used as shelters. Many evacuees prefer to remain in familiar territory. They have to clear up their houses, are afraid of sneak-thieving, and are unwilling to do long-distance commuting. 

10. disaster-related death 

There are growing concerns about disaster-related death of older people.

On Feb. 7, 15 victims died of disaster-related death. Disaster-related deaths can be caused by physical deconditioning due to  a cataclysmic situation by coldness, worsening of chronic disease, disruption of healthcare delivery services, psychological stress. 

The local government encourages to move to safe shelters including hotels and facilities outside the affected areas. However unfamiliar lands and people discomfort them. It is feared that older people become physically inactive and become demented due to environmental changes. It would be ideal if all the villagers including older people evacuate to a same shelter outside the affected areas. There are some cases that all the villagers went to a same accommodation such as a hotel in another area. They are allowed to stay there until early March. The prefecture offered them to move deemed temporary housing including public housing. As of Feb. 22, according to Ishikawa Prefecture, the number of evacuees by group locomotion from the Noto Peninsula rose to 930.

11. temporary housing

The local government is building regular relocation facilities. Though Wajima City has begun construction on to build 964 temporary houses, the number of applications is over 4140.

12. Exodus of students

Late January, about 400 junior high school students in Wajima City, Suzu City, Noto-cho went to Kanazawa and Hakusan cities and have studied in groups. Their schools have been used as shelters. The local government couldn't provide a favorable learning environment for students. Exodus of the students lessens the weight of their parents. Moreover, many students take an entrance exam from late January to early March.

All of the public elementary and junior high schools in Ishikawa Prefecture relaunched on Feb.6., but not all the students went to another areas in group. Some students have remained in the afflicted area and go to school from a shelter. Some moved to another areas with their families. Many of them have lived and studied with other students in Kanazawa and Hakusan cities. 

13. shelter with pets

There is few shelters for evacuees with pets in the affected area. Most of them have spend nights in a car or have remained in their damaged homes.

A man with his dog perished in a fire. He had remained at his home for his dog.

14. disaster recovery volunteer

Road damage and water outage is hampering activities of volunteers in worst-affected regions of Ishikawa Prefecture. The volunteer work is limited to 3-4 hours a day. Dozens of people started doing volunteer activities in Suzu City from Feb. 4, Wajima City from Feb. 10. The local government is trying secure sleeping places for supporting local officials, construction workers, volunteers. Individual volunteers have significant limitations. The volunteers and evacuees are doing disposal of huge volume disaster rubble.

The government started operation of sleeping facilities for volunteers in Anamizu-machi, Ishikawa Prefecture on Feb. 26.

2024 Noto Earthquake (1)

 Nearly two months have passed since 2024 Noto earthquake occurred on this New Year's Day. 

We do appreciate the kind offers of many countries.

We can't see the whole picture of damages by the earthquake yet.

February 18 was the day when Buddhist memorial services marked the 49th day after death were held in the affected areas.  It is thought that the souls of the dead alternate between the afterworld and this world during the seven weeks after death in most Buddhist sects. Most of them place the dead's ashes in their tombs on the day.

However, most temples in the affected areas remain damaged. Many tombstones, stone lanterns, shrine gates remain scattered.  A temple in Wajima City held a memorial service marked the 49th day after death on Feb. 18.  In kanazawa, chief priests of six temples in Suzu City jointly held memorial services.

On this New Year's Day I felt the house shake at my home, 300km away from the epicenter of the Noto earthquake.

New Year's Day is the most important and the most celebrated day in Japan. However the bereaved of the earthquake will never celebrate that day. New Year's Day in Japan is similar to Christmas.  Family members gather for celebration. It caused a lot of tragedy. Some fathers lost their wives, mothers, fathers and children in 10s and 20s. Some of them are the only survivors of their families.

Compared to the 2011 Great East Japan earthquake, Noto's earthquake-damaged regions are small in area. But Noto's damage is as serious as that of the 2011 Tohoku earthquake. At first the government misread the situation. Earthquake swarm has occurred in the Noto Peninsula over the past few years, but they didn't do much damage to the area. 

The roads have been destroyed, ground uplift interrupted maritime supply routes, therefore the peninsula became isolated. Rapid aging of the population amid extremely low birthrates are casting a dark shadow on the devastated areas. Ratio of elderly people at least 65 years old is 51.1% in Suzu City, 46.8% in Wajima City, two hard-hit cities. 

As of Feb. 15, According to Ishikawa Prefecture, 241 people lost their lives, 9 are missing. As of Feb. 22, according to the Cabinet Office, the number of evacuees is 12293 in 498 declared shelters in Niigata and Ishikawa prefectures. The number of confirmed demolished or partially destroyed houses rose to 76257 in five prefectures. In Ishikawa Prefecture, 8520 houses were completely destroyed, 8935 were half destroyed, 24781 were partially destroyed. The earthquake caused damage to Ishikawa, Niigata, Toyama, Fukui, Nagano, Gifu Prefectures.

The earthquake caused 102 deaths in in Wajima City, 103 in Suzu City, 20 in Anamizu-machi, 8 in Noto-cho, 5 in Nanao City, 2 in Shika-machi, 1 in Hakui City.

damage situation of 2024 Noto Peninsula Earthquake by

The Hidenori Watanabe Laboratory which belongs to the Graduate School of Information Studies at the University of Tokyo:

https://labo.wtnv.jp/2024/01/6.html

1. ground uplift

Since some part of the Noto peninsula was raised, the sea bottom was raised 2-4 meters above sea level. So a 90km coastline from Shika-machi to Suzu City in Ishikawa Prefecture was moved maximum distances of 240m out to sea. Therefore 15 fishing ports along the coastline have not worked. They have to be constructed from scratch. Only one quay wall can be used at Wajima Port. About 200 fishing boats in the ports can't put out to sea. Common ships could not land on the ports along the coastline, and only Japanese navy's hovercrafts could do. On Jan. 4, heavy machinery and emergency relief goods were at long last landed using the hovercrafts.

More than 169 fishing boats were capsized or stranded in Ishikawa, Toyama, Niigata, Fukui  prefectures. Fifty-eight of 69 fishing ports were damaged in Ishikawa Prefecture. A few fishing boats are shipping out fish in the Noto Peninsula.

Hokuriku Regional Development Bureau started dredging operations to secure the water depth to move or land ships at Wajima Port on Feb. 24.

2. tsunami

The first tsunami(4 meters in height) was estimated to arrive in some areas of Suzu City one minute after the earthquake. Tsunami height was not measured accurately at Wajima Port. The height is recorded by calculating sea surface height change, but the sea surface disappeared due to ground uplift. Tsunami arrived in Toyama Prefecture 90km away from Suzu City three minutes after the earthquake. It is presumed that that tsunami was caused by seafloor slide. The total area of the wet  surface is 190 hectares(1,900,000㎡) in Suzu City, Noto-cho, Shika-machi in Ishikawa Prefecture.

Most residents and non-residents went to higher ground shortly after the quake. Most of those who failed to escape survived.

A 67-year-old man and his 3 granddaughters were going to the higher ground shortly after the quake, the tsunami rushed toward them. They burst into a back shed, but tsunami rushed in the shed. Two granddaughters came to the surface to breathe by themselves. The grandpa groped for other granddaughter. Though she was unconscious, she came back to life with his artificial respiration.

A car passed close by an elder woman using a walking cane. The driver swung back toward her and picked her up. Tsunami rushed in the road shortly after he started to drive. 

Two people died of tsunami. A 54-year-old man was going to return home on the route to a shelter. His family members arrived safely at the shelter. A-79-year-old man who suffered cerebral infarction a few years ago and his son were going to evacuate to a shelter, but tsunami hit them. His son found himself alone. 

A 97-year-old man soaked by tsunami died from hypothermia or freezing temperatures while waiting for rescue.

Tsunami hit a lot of houses. 

3. ground liquefaction

The earthquake caused liquefaction in Niigata, Toyama, Ishikawa, Fukui prefectures.

Ground liquefaction damaged over 10000 houses in wet(ex-river), sandy soils of Ishikawa, Toyama, Niigata prefecture. Dozens of houses were completely destroyed by ground liquefaction.

4. collapse by shaking

Some people got out of their houses to look around soon after the first magnitude 7.3 earthquake occurred. After 13 seconds the second magnitude 7.3 earthquake squashed houses like a pancake. The Japanese intensity scale has 10 levels going from 0 to 7 (5 and 6 are divided into "weak" and "strong"). The second earthquake had a seismic intensity of 7 in some areas. There are still the old houses remaining along the street in the Noto Peninsula. The townscape with old wooden houses is beautiful, but they are not earthquake-proof buildings. Earthquake swarm may have damaged old wooden houses little by little. Suzu City has been hit by series of earthquakes with seismic intensity 6 lower in 2022, 6 upper in 2023, 6 upper in 2024. 

Some hospital buildings with earthquake-resistant structure were damaged with falling ceiling or scattering things by the quake. A hospital's main building with base isolators had no damage, without so much as scattering things. However, the base isolators are expensive.

As of Jan. 31, According to the National Police Agency, 92 people of 222 deaths were crushed to death, 49 were choked to death and died from respiratory failure, 32 died from hypothermia and freezing temperatures, 28 died from wound shock, 3 were burned to death, and 6 died due to other causes of death including crush syndrome. No one got drowned. The other 12 people died from some unknown  cause. Ninety-eight people were found in Wajima City, 95 in Suzu City. Victims aged 60 and older make up 67% of all deaths.

The fire department has received too many calls for help to handle. Dozens of victims waiting for rescue under the rubble died from hypothermia and freezing temperatures. Rescuers give priority to survivors who can answer rescuer's call. An elderly woman could make no reply to rescuers, and she was received a low priority. She was rescued a few days later but died soon.

On Jan. 6, a 93-year-old woman whose left foot was stuck in the rubble was rescued from the rubble in Suzu City 124 hours after the quake. Unfortunately, the condition of her left foot had deteriorated and died on Feb. 8. Her son said, "It comforted me that we could have a talk while in the hospital."

A 47-year-old woman and his father entered a new year together. She made traditional New Year's food and set them in three-tiered food boxes on New Year's Eve. Her daughter intended to come from Tokyo in the evening of Jan. 1. She works for a hotel. She said to him before she left, "Don't eat the food in the boxes." He often sneaked food. She was going to eat the New Year's food with him and her daughter. On New Year's Day she was at work in another area and couldn't get her home. In the evening of the next day, one of her childhood friend told her that He was found dead. She is searching for her family memorabilia from building rubble. She found two of three-tiered food boxes, but the one box is still missing. An old acquaintance said to her, "I would imagine that he ate the food in the box in heaven."

Some sets of shogi pieces(koma) found in a collapsed house in Suzu City were used at one of the eight major tournaments. Shogi is known as Japanese chess. The owner of the pieces had offered them to the tournament every year. His wife was found dead in the collapsed house.

A seven-story building laid on its side in Wajima City. Experts say strong vertical-shaking pulled up the stakes by pulling whole the building up, and strong horizontal-shaking toppled it over sideways. A soft-ground potentially contributed to its collapse. The detail of the bulding's collapse will be figured out. 

The building  crushed a izakaya(Japanese-style bar and restaurant), and a 48-year-old woman and a 19-year-old woman were crushed to death. A 55-year-old man who is their husband and father is searching for his family memorabilia from building rubble every day. He found his watch as a birthday present from her wife and her daughter's smartphone.

The survivors are still searching for their family memorabilia from building rubble.

However, more than 50 buildings in danger of collapse is due to be urgently demolished in Suzu City. On Feb. 26, the local government started to dismantle one of them.

Lunar New Year

 February 10 is Lunar New Year (or Chinese New Year.)　New Year celebrations are also held in chinatowns in Japan.  We celebrate the New Year in solar calendar.

I was going to post blog content on this New Year's Day, but 2024 Noto earthquake occurred. 

This year is the Year of the Dragon according to the Chinese zodiac.  Each of the 12 Chinese zodiac signs is related to a characteristic animal. The dragon is the god of water in East and South Asia.

You can see paintings and other representations of dragons.

Kennin-ji Temple(建仁寺) in Kyoto
Photo by sanographix

Rulers of the Heavens: Celebrating the Year of the Dragon, Kyoto national Museum, January 2–February 12

https://www.kyohaku.go.jp/eng/exhibitions/feature/b/tatsu_2024/

Yasaka Shrine

It is said that the main hall of Yasaka Shrine stands on the pond where the blue dragon lives.  

https://ja.kyoto.travel/specialopening/winter/

Kyoto Winter Special Openings 2024 

Syokoku-ji temple(相国寺) in Kyoto has a ceiling painting of dragon by Kano Mitsunobu(1565-1608). You hear an echo when you clap your hands under the ceiling.  It is known as Nakiryu(鳴き龍) because it sounds like a call of dragon.

Sennyu-ji temple(泉涌寺) in Kyoto also has a ceiling painting of dragon by Kano Sansetsu(1590-1651) that is open to the public in the year of the dragon and special occasions .

New Year's card(formal)

New Year's card(unformal)

"辰" means a dragon.

Ready-made traditional New Year foods called Osechi Ryori are set in three-tiered boxes.

Omedeta-ryu(おめでた竜）
handicraft kits by Takagi-seni Co., Ltd.
designed by Runa Okuda